What is a flow sensor?
A move sensor (often referred to as a “flow meter“) is an digital system part used to measure or regulate the move fee of gases and liquids in pipes and ducts. Flow sensors are sometimes linked to meters for measurement, but they can be connected to computers and digital interfaces. They are generally utilized in HVAC techniques, medical equipment, chemical vegetation and water treatment systems. Flow sensors can detect leaks, blockages, pipe bursts, and modifications in fluid focus because of contamination or air pollution.
Types of move sensors
Differential pressure move sensor
The velocity of a fluid is directly associated to the pressure of the fluid, as proven in Bernoulli’s equation.
dp=(density*velocity^2)/2
A differential strain move sensor calculates the pressure of a fluid. The sensor measures the stress at two totally different velocities, whereas sustaining the fluid density. In most differential stress circulate sensors, a single strain sensing node (such as a Pitot tube) is located on the edge of the fluid move path. A change in nozzle or orifice diameter accelerates the fluid and measures it again at a higher velocity. Once the sensor has determined the stress distinction, we will use Bernoulli’s equation to search out the fluid velocity. Finally, we will use that fluid velocity to determine the total circulate rate via the pipe.
This course of requires controlling several variables to precisely calculate the speed of the fluid. Therefore, differential strain based flow sensors are normally elements that “interrupt” the pipeline quite than adapt to the existing pipeline. Several different sorts of sensors use differential pressure strategies, corresponding to
Venturi tube
Rotor flow meters
Orifice plates
Pitot tube arrays
All of these sensors are available with varying degrees of accuracy and system pressure loss. Due to their efficiency and flexibility, differential pressure circulate sensors are the preferred type of move sensor.
Thermal mass move sensors
Typically utilized in gaseous, low-flow, high-precision applications, corresponding to semiconductor manufacturing, thermal mass flow sensors use the thermal properties of a fluid to measure the circulate via a system. Thermal mass circulate methods have one of two basic configurations, but both rely on the tendency of the fluid to soak up thermal energy and measure the energy within the fluid. The following is a brief guide to those two configurations.
Method 1: The heating component and the heat sensing component work collectively to measure the vitality absorbed by the fluid as it flows by way of the heating element and the warmth sensor. First, the fluid absorbs power from the heating component. Next, the sensor measures the fluid to discover out how much vitality it has absorbed.
Method 2: A single heating element works to keep the temperature at a fixed stage. As the fluid absorbs power, it cools the heating component, which requires more power in the system to take care of the temperature. We calculate the mass flow price by figuring out the amount of vitality utilized by the heating component to take care of itself at a constant temperature.
In each methods, the pace of the fluid is immediately associated to how a lot energy it could absorb. The slower the fluid flows, the longer it takes for vitality to be transferred from the heating factor to the fluid. The sooner it flows, the less time it takes to be absorbed by the fluid. A key element of thermal mass flow sensors is that they must be calibrated for the precise fluid in the thermal mass circulate system. Thermal mass flow sensors are fine-tuned to help totally different ranges of gasoline purity, similar to pharmaceutical grade nitrogen versus industrial manufacturing grade nitrogen. When properly calibrated, these sensors can be extraordinarily accurate and dependable, which is why they’re so in style in manufacturing environments.
Contact flow sensors
Eddy present sensors and mechanical move sensors are the common contact move sensors are. An eddy current sensor consists of a small latch (called a “buffer”) that bends backwards and forwards when involved with a flowing liquid or fuel. The pressure distinction (i.e., eddy current) created by the latch is measured to find out the move rate. Mechanical flow sensors use a propeller that rotates at a velocity proportional to the circulate fee. Mechanical flow sensors may additionally be managed to increase or decrease the circulate price.
Non-contact flow sensors
Ultrasonic circulate sensors are the preferred non-contact move sensors. Ultrasonic circulate sensors ship excessive frequency sound pulses by way of a flowing liquid or gaseous medium. These sensors measure the time between the sound emission and its contact with the sensor receiver to discover out the move rate of the gasoline or liquid.
Flow sensor purposes
There are a wide selection of move sensors obtainable to satisfy niche needs and purposes. The commonest parameters that affect the type of circulate sensor you need are
Volume vary of the circulate sensor
Material
Pressure
Required accuracy
Flow sensors are the right software to help you understand and management the mechanical or chemical subsystems in your utility. Contact Apure to be taught more about expertise and product purposes.
Extended reading:
Useful information about move units
Relation between circulate and strain
Ultrasonic flow meter working precept
Select the right water flow meter
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What is a move sensor?
A flow sensor (often called a “flow meter“) is an digital system component used to measure or regulate the circulate rate of gases and liquids in pipes and ducts. Flow sensors are usually connected to meters for measurement, however they can additionally be related to computer systems and digital interfaces. They are commonly utilized in HVAC methods, medical tools, chemical vegetation and water remedy methods. Flow sensors can detect leaks, blockages, pipe bursts, and changes in fluid concentration because of contamination or air pollution.
Types of move sensors
Differential stress flow sensor
The velocity of a fluid is immediately related to the pressure of the fluid, as shown in Bernoulli’s equation.
dp=(density*velocity^2)/2
A differential stress move sensor calculates the strain of a fluid. The sensor measures the stress at two completely different velocities, while maintaining the fluid density. In most differential strain flow sensors, a single pressure sensing node (such as a Pitot tube) is located at the edge of the fluid circulate path. A change in nozzle or orifice diameter accelerates the fluid and measures it again at a higher velocity. Once the sensor has decided the strain difference, we can use Bernoulli’s equation to search out the fluid velocity. Finally, we can use that fluid velocity to determine the total flow rate by way of the pipe.
This course of requires controlling several variables to precisely calculate the rate of the fluid. Therefore, differential stress primarily based move sensors are normally elements that “interrupt” the pipeline quite than adapt to the present pipeline. Several different types of sensors use differential strain strategies, such as
Venturi tube
Rotor move meters
Orifice plates
Pitot tube arrays
All of these sensors are available with varying degrees of accuracy and system strain loss. Due to their performance and flexibility, differential stress flow sensors are the most well-liked sort of move sensor.
Thermal mass circulate sensors
Typically utilized in gaseous, low-flow, high-precision functions, such as semiconductor manufacturing, thermal mass move sensors use the thermal properties of a fluid to measure the flow through a system. Thermal mass circulate techniques have one of two fundamental configurations, but each depend on the tendency of the fluid to absorb thermal power and measure the vitality within the fluid. The following is a short information to these two configurations.
Method 1: The heating factor and the heat sensing element work collectively to measure the power absorbed by the fluid because it flows by way of the heating element and the heat sensor. First, the fluid absorbs vitality from the heating component. Next, the sensor measures the fluid to discover out how much power it has absorbed.
Method 2: A single heating factor works to maintain the temperature at a set level. As the fluid absorbs vitality, it cools the heating component, which requires more power within the system to maintain up the temperature. We calculate the mass circulate fee by figuring out the quantity of vitality used by the heating element to keep up itself at a constant temperature.
In both strategies, the pace of the fluid is instantly associated to how much energy it could absorb. The slower the fluid flows, the longer it takes for energy to be transferred from the heating element to the fluid. The faster it flows, the less time it takes to be absorbed by the fluid. A key element of thermal mass move sensors is that they must be calibrated for the particular fluid within the thermal mass move system. Thermal mass circulate sensors are fine-tuned to help totally different levels of gasoline purity, corresponding to pharmaceutical grade nitrogen versus industrial manufacturing grade nitrogen. When correctly calibrated, these sensors can be extraordinarily correct and dependable, which is why they are so well-liked in manufacturing environments.
Contact move sensors
Eddy present sensors and mechanical circulate sensors are the widespread contact move sensors are. An eddy current sensor consists of a small latch (called a “buffer”) that bends backwards and forwards when involved with a flowing liquid or gas. The pressure distinction (i.e., eddy current) created by the latch is measured to find out the circulate rate. Mechanical move sensors use a propeller that rotates at a speed proportional to the move price. Mechanical move sensors can be controlled to increase or decrease the circulate rate.
Non-contact flow sensors
Ultrasonic move sensors are the most well-liked non-contact flow sensors. Ultrasonic circulate sensors send high frequency sound pulses through a flowing liquid or gaseous medium. These sensors measure the time between the sound emission and its contact with the sensor receiver to determine the circulate fee of the gasoline or liquid.
Flow sensor purposes
There are a variety of circulate sensors available to fulfill niche wants and functions. The most common parameters that affect the kind of circulate sensor you want are
Volume vary of the move sensor
Material
Pressure
Required accuracy
Flow sensors are the proper software to help you understand and control the mechanical or chemical subsystems in your software. Contact Apure to learn more about technology and product applications.
Extended studying:
digital pressure gauge about move units
Relation between circulate and stress
Ultrasonic circulate meter working principle
Select the best water move meter